reference list or bibliography<\/a> at the end of your paper. The full reference gives the reader the information they need to find the original source you cited.<\/p>\nHow to use in-text citations in APA Style<\/h2>\n Unlike the Harvard Referencing style, in text citations in the APA format appear directly before the quote or idea that has been paraphrased. They inform the reader of the name of the author and of the year of publication.<\/p>\n
Students may also choose to include a page number or page range where applicable, to direct readers to a specific extract. The page number is placed between brackets and located directly after the extract.<\/p>\n
In-text citations for a single author<\/strong> should appear as follows:<\/p>\nAuthor (Date)<\/strong><\/p>\n\nHorowitz (1972) wrote\u2026 (p.29)<\/li>\n Junder (2011) argued\u2026 (p.17)<\/li>\n Brendo (2002) stated\u2026 (p.4)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIf the author\u2019s name is not<\/em> included in the text it must be included in parentheses after the quotation or extract, as follows:<\/p>\n(Author, Date, Page(s))<\/strong><\/p>\n\n(Bradford, 1976, p.23)<\/li>\n (Felsenstein, 1985, pp. 7-9)<\/li>\n (Duncan, 1955, pp. 14-15)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIt is important to note that \u201cp.\u201d is used for a single page and \u201cpp.\u201d followed by a range of pages (pp. 83-89) is used to cite multiple pages.<\/p>\n
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In-text citations for two or three authors<\/h3>\n In-text citations with two or three authors are very similar to single author citations. They appear in parentheses directly after a quote or paraphrased idea and notify the reader of the original authors and of the year of publication.<\/p>\n
You should cite all of the authors followed by the year of publication:<\/p>\n
Author 1, Author 2 & Author 3 (Date)<\/strong><\/p>\n\nSanger, Nicklen & Couslon (1977) suggested\u2026 (p.54)<\/li>\n Chomczynski & Sacchi (1985) made the case\u2026 (p.71)<\/li>\n Bland & Altman (1986) wrote\u2026 (p. 36)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nAgain, if the authors\u2019 names are not cited directly in the text, they must be included in parentheses after the quotation or extract, as follows:<\/p>\n
(Author 1, Author 2 & Author 3, Date, Page(s))<\/strong><\/p>\n\n(Sanger, Nicklen & Couslon, 1977, p.54)<\/li>\n (Chomczynski & Sacchi, 1985, p.71)<\/li>\n (Bland & Altman, 1986, p.36)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/p>\n
In-text citations for four or more authors<\/h3>\n Academic research can take years to accomplish and teams may be composed of\u00a0 dozens of researchers, all having contributed directly to the end product.<\/p>\n
Thankfully, you don’t need to cite every single contributor.<\/p>\n
When referring to a source with multiple authors, you can use the Latin term \u201cet alia\u201d which means \u201cand others\u201d and is abbreviated to \u201cet al.\u201d Keep in mind that the \u201cal\u201d in \u201cet al.\u201d is always followed by a full stop:<\/p>\n
Author 1 et al.<\/em> (Date)<\/strong><\/p>\n\nLowry et al. (1951)\u2026 (p. 112)<\/li>\n Saiki et al. (1988)\u2026. (p.88)<\/li>\n Altschul et al. (1997)\u2026 (p.31)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSimilar to in-text citations with from a single or fewer than three authors, if the authors\u2019 names are not cited directly in the text, they must be included in parentheses after the quotation or extract, as follows:<\/p>\n
(Author 1 et al.<\/em>, Date, Page(s))<\/strong><\/p>\n\n(Lowry et al., 1951, p.112)<\/li>\n (Saiki et al., 1988, p.88)<\/li>\n (Altschul et al., 1997, p.31)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe APA style book states the period is followed by a comma.<\/p>\n
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In-text citations for corporate authors<\/h3>\n It is also important to respect the APA referencing format when referencing a piece published by a corporate author or organization.<\/p>\n
You must replace an unspecified individual author with a corporate name, both within the text and within the reference list at the end of your piece.<\/p>\n
This rule applies to companies, organizations, societies and government departments:<\/p>\n
Corporate Name (Date)<\/strong><\/p>\n\nPerlego (2020) claimed\u2026<\/li>\n The BBC (2012) argued\u2026<\/li>\n The OECD (2019) made the case for\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nKeep in mind, if the organization is not cited directly in the text, it must be included in parentheses after the quotation or extract, as follows:<\/p>\n
(Corporate Name, Date)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n(Perlego, 2020)<\/li>\n (BBC, 2012)<\/li>\n (OECD, 2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/p>\n
In-text citations without a date<\/h3>\n Students should do their upmost to gather a much information as is possible about their sources to acknowledge other people\u2019s work and demonstrate the breadth and of their research. Based on the documentation they are working with, this can sometimes prove difficult. Some sources, such as website and archival documents, do not have clear timestamps. If a source doesn\u2019t have a clear publication date, the APA citation style says that students can omit the date in the in-text citation.<\/p>\n
Students should nevertheless attempt to provide all the information they have within the text, to contextualize their sources and to allow their readers to fully understand and even find their source material for themselves.<\/p>\n
(Name)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n(Nature Limited)<\/li>\n (The Brentford English Dictionary)<\/li>\n (Pear Inc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text] What are in-text citations? In text citations are references to other sources that are quoted or referenced in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
How to write in-text citations in APA style | Perlego Knowledge Base<\/title>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\t \n\t \n\t \n