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In-text citations are brief references made within the body of your academic work. These citations enable readers to quickly identify the sources you have referenced without disrupting the flow of the sentences in which they appear. In-text citations provide all the information needed to identify the full reference in the reference list at the end of your assignment.<\/p>\n
There are two main types of in-text citations, parenthetical <\/strong>and narrative <\/strong>citations. Both require you to cite the author\u2019s surname, date of publication, and page numbers (when quoting directly from a source).<\/p>\n Parenthetical citations<\/strong><\/p>\n Parenthetical citations appear in parenthesis directly after the quote or concept that has been paraphrased. The author\u2019s surname, the year of publication, and page numbers (where relevant) are each separated by a comma.<\/p>\n Parenthetical citation format: Harvard style <\/strong><\/p>\n (Author\u2019s surname, year of publication, page number\/numbers)<\/p>\n For example:<\/p>\n \u201cDrawing is now used to convey a technical or mechanical language of industries and technology\u201d (Dagoon, 1995, p. 48).<\/p>\n Researchers have argued that chromosomal rearrangements are the most important karyotype changes in mammals for thinking about the role of chromosomes in speciation (Pavlova and Searle, 2018).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n When referencing a quote found on a single page use \u201cp.\u201d. Use \u201cpp.\u201d followed by the range of pages (\u201cpp. 89-94\u201d) when citing multiple pages.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Narrative citations<\/strong><\/p>\n If you mention an author\u2019s surname in the body of your essay \u2013 \u201cSmith argues that\u201d \u2013 this requires you to produce a narrative <\/em>in-text citation.<\/p>\n For narrative citations, place the date of publication in parenthesis after the author\u2019s name.<\/p>\n For example:<\/p>\n Kierkegaard (1843) posited that God is revealed mysteriously to each and every person.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n For an in-text citation with two authors<\/strong>, separate each author\u2019s surname with \u201cand\u201d.<\/p>\n For example:<\/p>\n (Jones and Smith, 2017)<\/p>\n (Owens and Bridge, 2005)<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n When citing a source with three authors, <\/strong>separate the first and second author\u2019s surname with a comma, and the second and third author\u2019s surname with \u201cand\u201d.<\/p>\n (Edwards, Matthews and Hardy, 1994)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n When citing a source with four or more authors<\/strong>, use the Latin term \u201cet al.,\u201d (meaning \u201cand others\u201d).<\/p>\n (Brown et al., 2020)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n These abbreviations are only to be used for in-text citations. For your reference list, you are required to provide the names of all<\/em> authors.<\/p>\n When citing a corporate or group author for the first time, provide their name in full.<\/p>\n For example:<\/p>\n (National Federation of the Blind, 2021)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n For any subsequent citations, you do not need to write out the corporate author\u2019s name in full: just use an abbreviation.<\/p>\n (NFB, 2021)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Some sources may not have a clear publication date. For sources without a date, place \u201cn.d.\u201d (short for \u201cno date\u201d) after the author\u2019s surname.<\/p>\n For example:<\/p>\n Hardy (n.d.) argues that\u2026<\/p>\n (Hardy, n.d.)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text] What are in-text citations? In-text citations are brief references made within the body of your academic work. These […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIn-text citations for multiple authors<\/strong><\/h2>\n
How to cite corporate authors in Harvard style<\/h2>\n
In-text citations without a date<\/h2>\n